HLA C antigens, also known as human leukocyte antigen C antigens, are proteins that are present on the surface of most cells in the human body. These proteins play a crucial role in the identification and regulation of the immune system's response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses.
HLA C antigens are part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are encoded by a group of genes located on chromosome 6. There are several different variants, or alleles, of the HLA C gene, resulting in different types of HLA C antigens. These antigens vary among individuals, contributing to the uniqueness of each person's immune response.
The main function of HLA C antigens is to present small protein fragments, known as antigens, to the immune system's T cells. This process allows the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self substances. When an antigen is presented by HLA C antigens, T cells can recognize it as foreign or abnormal, triggering an immune response to eliminate the perceived threat.
HLA C antigens also play a critical role in organ and tissue transplantation. Matching the HLA C antigens between the donor and recipient is crucial for successful transplantation, as a significant difference in HLA C antigens can lead to rejection of the transplanted organ or tissue.
In summary, HLA C antigens are proteins on the surface of cells that participate in the immune system's response to foreign substances. They help identify and regulate the immune response, and their matching is essential for successful transplantation.
