How Do You Spell HIV RELATED NEPHROPATHY?
Pronunciation: [ˌe͡ɪt͡ʃˌa͡ɪvˈiː ɹɪlˈe͡ɪtɪd nɛfɹˈɒpəθɪ] (IPA) 
Pronunciation: [ˌe͡ɪt͡ʃˌa͡ɪvˈiː ɹɪlˈe͡ɪtɪd nɛfɹˈɒpəθɪ] (IPA)
HIV-related nephropathy, also known as HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), is a kidney disease that occurs as a result of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is a specific form of kidney disease that primarily affects individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
In HIV-related nephropathy, the virus directly affects the kidneys, leading to a wide range of symptoms and potential complications. The disease typically manifests as a progressive decline in kidney function, with symptoms including proteinuria (presence of excess protein in the urine), high blood pressure, swelling of the legs, ankles, and feet (edema), and reduced urine output.
HIV-related nephropathy is more prevalent in people of African descent and those with a genetic predisposition. It is believed to be caused by a combination of viral factors, genetic susceptibility, and immune system abnormalities. The exact mechanisms by which HIV damages the kidneys are not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the interaction between the virus and kidney cells.
If left untreated, HIV-associated nephropathy can progress to end-stage renal disease, requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. Treatment options for HIV-related nephropathy may include antiretroviral therapy to control the underlying HIV infection, medications to reduce proteinuria and blood pressure, and dietary modifications.
Regular monitoring of kidney function and early detection of HIV-related nephropathy are crucial in preventing further kidney damage. Close collaboration between nephrologists and HIV specialists is often necessary to manage this complex condition effectively.
