Hittite refers to a member of an ancient people who established and ruled over a Hittite kingdom in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) during the Late Bronze Age. The term also pertains to the Hittite language and their related culture, which flourished from approximately the 17th to the 12th century BCE.
The Hittites emerged as a prominent power in the region, establishing their capital in Hattusa (present-day Boğazkale). They developed an influential civilization that greatly impacted the Near Eastern world. The Hittite kingdom was known for its military strength, diplomatic skills, and advanced ironworking techniques.
The Hittite language, belonging to the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, was mostly deciphered in the 20th century through the discovery of several clay tablets. These tablets contained essential historical, legal, and religious texts that provide crucial insights into Hittite society, governance, and beliefs.
The Hittite civilization significantly influenced neighboring cultures, such as the Assyrians and the Egyptians. They were known for their treaties and alliances, which were meticulously negotiated and recorded. The Hittites' decline began around the 12th century BCE due to invasions and internal conflicts, eventually leading to their disappearance from historical records.
In modern times, the term "Hittite" is used to describe the historical people, their language, and the artifacts and remains associated with their civilization. The study of the Hittites and their culture continues to contribute to our understanding of ancient civilizations and their interactions in the Near East.
