High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a medical condition characterized by the force of blood against the walls of the arteries being consistently too high. It is typically measured using two numbers: systolic pressure, which represents the force when the heart beats, and diastolic pressure, which represents the force when the heart is at rest between beats. In a normal blood pressure reading, the systolic pressure is below 120 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is below 80 mm Hg.
High blood pressure is a significant health concern as it puts strain on the blood vessels and organs, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases including heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure. It is often referred to as a silent killer because it typically does not present noticeable symptoms, making it necessary to monitor blood pressure regularly.
There are two primary types of hypertension: primary (essential) and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is the most common form and tends to develop gradually over time due to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as age, family history, weight, diet, and physical activity. Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, is typically caused by an underlying health condition, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or medications.
Treatment for high blood pressure may involve lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, limited alcohol consumption, and stress reduction. Medications, such as diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers, may also be prescribed to manage blood pressure levels and reduce the risk of associated complications. It is crucial to regularly monitor blood pressure and work with healthcare professionals to develop an individualized treatment plan tailored to the specific needs of each patient.
