High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, refers to a medical condition characterized by the force of blood against the walls of the arteries being consistently too high. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two values: systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure represents the force when the heart contracts, while diastolic pressure reflects the force between heartbeats when the heart is at rest.
In medical terms, high blood pressure is typically defined as having sustained blood pressure readings above 130/80 mmHg. However, these values may vary depending on factors such as age, underlying health conditions, and individual risk factors. The condition is often categorized into two types: primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension.
Primary hypertension is the most frequently encountered form, with no identifiable cause but often rooted in a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. On the other hand, secondary hypertension is typically caused by an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or as a side effect of certain medications.
High blood pressure is concerning because it strains the arteries, heart, and other organs over time, increasing the risk of serious health complications. If left untreated, it can lead to conditions like heart disease, stroke, kidney problems, and damage to blood vessels.
Managing high blood pressure often involves lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, weight management, a balanced diet – low in sodium and high in fruits and vegetables – and limiting alcohol consumption. Medications may also be prescribed if necessary to help control and maintain healthy blood pressure levels. Regular monitoring and check-ups are crucial to prevent and manage high blood pressure effectively.
