Heart valve disease refers to a group of disorders that affect the valves of the heart, hindering their normal functioning. The heart comprises of four valves, namely, the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve, responsible for regulating the flow of blood through the heart chambers. When there is a disturbance in the normal functioning of these valves, it leads to heart valve disease.
Heart valve diseases can be classified into two main categories: valve stenosis and valve regurgitation. Valve stenosis occurs when the valve opening becomes narrow or stiff, impeding the flow of blood through the valve. This obstruction creates additional strain on the heart as it tries to compensate for the reduced blood flow. Valve regurgitation, on the other hand, happens when the valve fails to close properly, causing blood to leak back through the valve. This condition puts an extra burden on the heart as it has to pump more blood to compensate for the leakage.
Causes of heart valve diseases can vary. It can be congenital, meaning a person is born with an abnormal valve structure, or acquired over time due to age-related wear and tear, infections such as endocarditis, rheumatic fever, or certain medical conditions like high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, or connective tissue disorders.
Treatment for heart valve diseases depends on the severity and specific valve affected. It may involve medication to manage symptoms, repair or replacement of the affected valve through surgical or minimally invasive techniques, or in some cases, nonsurgical procedures like balloon valvuloplasty. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a cardiologist are essential to manage heart valve diseases and prevent complications.
