Heart valve disease is a medical condition characterized by the malfunction or abnormality in one or more of the four valves of the heart. The heart is composed of four chambers, each of which is equipped with a valve that ensures the proper flow of blood in one direction within the heart. Heart valve disease refers to any condition that affects the functioning of these valves, leading to an inadequate flow of blood through the heart and disrupting the normal circulation.
There are various types of heart valve disease, including stenosis, regurgitation, and prolapse. Stenosis occurs when the valves become narrow or stiff, preventing the efficient flow of blood. Regurgitation, on the other hand, refers to a condition in which the valves do not close properly, causing the blood to flow backward. Prolapse refers to a valve that bulges or collapses back into the chamber, also affecting blood flow.
Heart valve disease can be caused by congenital defects, age-related degeneration, infections such as endocarditis, and other factors. Common symptoms of heart valve disease include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, and swelling of the ankles, feet, or abdomen.
Treatment options for heart valve disease vary based on the severity and type of the condition. Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms, while surgical interventions, such as valve repair or replacement, may be necessary to restore normal functioning. Regular medical monitoring and lifestyle modifications are often recommended to individuals with heart valve disease to manage the condition and improve quality of life.
