Haematochezia refers to the medical condition characterized by the presence of bright red blood in the stools. The word is derived from the Greek terms "haema" meaning blood, and "chezein" meaning to defecate. It is important to note that haematochezia specifically pertains to the passage of fresh blood, which indicates bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract, usually coming from the rectum, colon, or anus.
This condition can be caused by several factors, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, colorectal cancer, or vascular malformations. In some cases, haematochezia might be a symptom of more severe conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, or trauma to the digestive system.
Patients experiencing haematochezia may note visible blood in the toilet bowl, on toilet paper, or mixed with the stool, often accompanied by other symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, or changes in bowel movements. It is crucial for individuals who observe haematochezia to seek medical attention promptly, as the underlying cause needs to be diagnosed and treated accordingly. Diagnostic procedures like colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or barium enema can be employed to determine the source and severity of the bleeding.
In summary, haematochezia refers to the passage of fresh, bright red blood in the stools, originating from the lower gastrointestinal tract. Prompt medical evaluation is necessary to identify and manage the underlying cause, providing appropriate treatment to the affected individual.
