Goitred is an adjective that describes an organism, typically an animal or a human, that is affected by a goiter. A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, also known as thyromegaly, which is located at the front of the neck.
The term goitred is used to characterize individuals who display visible or palpable swelling in the neck area due to an enlarged thyroid gland. This condition occurs as a result of various underlying factors, such as iodine deficiency, hormonal imbalances, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications.
Goitred represents the physical manifestation of a goiter, typically observed as a protrusion or swelling in the lower part of the neck. In some cases, the swelling can be small and barely noticeable, while in others it may become significantly enlarged, causing discomfort, pain, or difficulty swallowing or breathing.
The condition is often associated with an overactive or underactive thyroid function, and it can occur in both children and adults, although it is more commonly found among individuals living in regions with iodine-deficient diets. In these settings, the thyroid gland attempts to compensate for the lack of iodine by growing larger, leading to a visible goiter.
Diagnosis of goitred is typically made through physical examination, medical history assessment, and possibly an ultrasound or blood tests to evaluate thyroid function. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the goiter, and may involve hormone replacement therapy, iodine supplementation, or surgical removal of the goiter if necessary.
