Goitre, also known as goiter, is a medical condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck. It is a non-cancerous, visible swelling that occurs due to an abnormal growth of thyroid tissue. The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body's metabolism, growth, and development.
Goitre most commonly occurs as a result of an iodine deficiency. Iodine is an essential mineral that the body needs to produce thyroid hormones. When the body lacks iodine, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to compensate for this deficiency. This enlargement causes the goitre to become visible as a visible lump or swelling on the front of the neck.
Other causes of goitre include certain medical conditions such as autoimmune thyroid diseases (Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease), hormonal imbalances, side effects of certain medications, and exposure to radiation. In some cases, a family history of goitre can also increase the risk of developing the condition.
Symptoms of goitre may include a visible swelling or lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing or breathing, hoarseness, and a cough. However, in some cases, goitres may not cause any noticeable symptoms and are only detected during a physical examination.
Treatment for goitre depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary, and the goitre may resolve on its own. However, if the goitre is causing significant symptoms or is due to an underlying medical condition, treatment options may include medication to regulate hormone levels, surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid gland, or radioactive iodine therapy to shrink the goitre.
