Giant Cell Aortitides, also referred to as Giant Cell Arteritis, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation in the large blood vessels, particularly the aorta and its branches. It is primarily observed in individuals over the age of 50 and is more common in women.
This condition is marked by the presence of abnormal cells, known as giant cells, within the blood vessel walls. These giant cells, along with immune cells, cause inflammation and swelling, leading to reduced blood flow and potential complications. The exact cause of Giant Cell Aortitides is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.
The most common symptoms of this condition include severe headaches, tenderness or pain in the scalp or temples, jaw pain while chewing, and vision problems such as double vision or sudden vision loss. Other nonspecific symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, and fever may also be present.
Diagnosis often involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Medical professionals may also perform a biopsy, which involves removing a small sample of tissue from an affected blood vessel for analysis.
Treatment for Giant Cell Aortitides typically involves the use of corticosteroids, which reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. If left untreated, this condition can lead to serious complications, including permanent vision loss or stroke. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial to managing the condition and preventing potential complications.
