Giant Cell Aortic Arteritis, also known as Giant Cell Arteritis or Temporal Arteritis, is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the large and medium-sized blood vessels, predominantly ones located near the temples and the aorta. It is characterized by the presence of giant cells, which are specialized immune cells that congregate around the arterial wall and cause inflammation.
The condition mainly affects adults, typically those who are over the age of 50, and the exact cause is not well understood. It is believed to result from an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own blood vessels. Giant Cell Aortic Arteritis often occurs alongside polymyalgia rheumatica, a condition characterized by pain and stiffness in the muscles, particularly those of the shoulders and hips.
Symptoms of Giant Cell Aortic Arteritis may vary but commonly include severe headaches, jaw pain, scalp tenderness, blurred vision, and flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and weight loss. If left untreated, Giant Cell Aortic Arteritis can lead to serious complications such as blindness, stroke, aneurysm, or aortic dissection.
Diagnosis is typically based on a combination of clinical symptoms, physical examination, blood tests (such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein), and imaging studies such as ultrasound or biopsy. Treatment usually involves corticosteroid medications to suppress immune system activity and reduce inflammation. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are necessary to manage the condition and prevent complications.
In summary, Giant Cell Aortic Arteritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects blood vessels, primarily those near the temples and aorta. It can cause a range of symptoms and can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.
