GENETIC FINGERPRINT Meaning and
Definition
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Genetic fingerprint refers to a unique pattern of DNA sequences or genetic markers that are specific to an individual. It is a term commonly used in forensic science and biology to describe the distinctive genetic profile of an organism.
The genetic fingerprint primarily relies on the identification of specific regions in the DNA molecule that vary between individuals. These regions, known as genetic markers, contain specific sequences of nucleotides that can be used to differentiate one individual from another. The most commonly utilized genetic markers are short tandem repeats (STRs), which are sections of DNA that contain repeated sequences of nucleotides. The number of repeats in an STR can vary among individuals, making it a reliable tool for individual identification.
The process of obtaining a genetic fingerprint involves isolating DNA samples from biological material such as blood, hair, saliva, or semen. These DNA samples are then subjected to various laboratory techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis, to amplify and analyze the genetic markers. The resulting pattern of bands on the gel provides a unique genetic profile that can be compared to other samples to determine relatedness or identity.
Genetic fingerprinting has numerous practical applications, including forensic investigation, paternity testing, and population genetics studies. Its accuracy and reliability have made it an essential tool in criminal investigations for identifying suspects, establishing connections, and exonerating innocent individuals. Additionally, it has facilitated advancements in medical research, genetic counseling, and genealogy. Overall, genetic fingerprinting has revolutionized the field of genetics by enabling the identification and differentiation of individuals based on their unique genetic makeup.
Common Misspellings for GENETIC FINGERPRINT
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Etymology of GENETIC FINGERPRINT
The word "genetic fingerprint" is composed of two separate components - "genetic" and "fingerprint".
The term "genetic" refers to genetics, which is derived from the Greek word "genesis" meaning "origin, source, or formation". It relates to the study of genes, heredity, and the variation of inherited characteristics in living organisms.
The term "fingerprint" can be traced back to the late 19th century. It is a combination of "finger" and "print". "Finger" comes from the Old English word "fingor", while "print" comes from the Old French word "preinte", meaning "impression" or "mark".
When combined, the term "genetic fingerprint" was coined to describe the unique pattern of DNA sequences that can be used to identify an individual.
Similar spelling words for GENETIC FINGERPRINT
