GENE EXPRESSION MONITORINGS Meaning and
Definition
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Gene expression monitoring refers to the process of measuring and analyzing the activity of genes within a cell or organism at a particular time. It involves the observation and quantification of gene expression levels, which refers to how often and at what level a gene is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and subsequently translated into proteins. This monitoring enables scientists to gain insights into how genes function, regulated, and interact with each other, as well as to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of diseases.
There are various techniques utilized in gene expression monitoring, such as microarray analysis and RNA sequencing. Microarray analysis involves the measurement of mRNA levels by detecting the hybridization of labeled cDNA or RNA probes with immobilized DNA or oligonucleotide sequences on a chip. RNA sequencing, on the other hand, provides a more detailed and unbiased identification of genes by directly sequencing the RNA molecules present in a sample.
Gene expression monitoring plays a crucial role in numerous applications, including basic research, drug discovery and development, and personalized medicine. It enables the identification of biomarkers that can be used for diagnosing diseases, predicting treatment outcomes, and monitoring disease progression. Additionally, it aids in understanding cellular responses to environmental changes, drug effects, and genetic modifications. By monitoring gene expression, scientists can unravel the complexity of genetic regulation and its impact on the fundamental processes of life.
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