GENE EXPRESSION CHIP Meaning and
Definition
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A gene expression chip, also known as a microarray or gene chip, is a powerful tool used in molecular biology and genetics to measure the abundance of thousands of genes simultaneously within a cell or tissue sample. It is a high-throughput technology that allows researchers to investigate gene expression patterns and understand how genes are turned on or off under different experimental conditions.
The gene expression chip consists of a small, intricately designed glass slide or silicon wafer, containing thousands of individual spots or probes, each representing a different gene. These probes are short fragments of DNA or RNA that specifically target and bind to the corresponding gene of interest. The chip is then exposed to the sample containing DNA or RNA molecules, allowing the sample to hybridize or bind to the probes on the chip.
After hybridization, the chip is scanned using specialized equipment that measures the intensity of fluorescence signals emitted from each spot. These signals represent the abundance of the specific gene in the sample. By comparing the signals obtained from different experimental conditions or samples, researchers can determine which genes are upregulated or downregulated, providing valuable insights into cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets.
Gene expression chips have revolutionized the field of genomics by enabling high-throughput analysis of gene expression profiles. They have been extensively used in various research areas, including cancer biology, developmental biology, pharmacogenomics, and personalized medicine.
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