Pronunciation: [fjˈuːmɐɹˌe͡ɪt] (IPA) 
The word "fumarate" is spelled with an "f" instead of a "ph" because it comes from the Latin word "fumus," meaning "smoke." In IPA phonetic transcription, it's pronounced as fuːməreɪt. The "f" sound is represented by the IPA symbol /f/, while the "u" sound is represented by /uː/, the "m" sound by /m/, the "ə" sound by /ə/, the "r" sound by /r/, the "eɪ" sound by /eɪ/, and the "t" sound by /t/.
Fumarate is a noun that refers to an organic compound belonging to the class of carboxylic acids. It is the conjugate base of fumaric acid and is commonly found in physiological processes and various pharmaceutical formulations. Fumarate has a chemical structure consisting of two carboxyl groups (-COOH) attached to a central carbon atom. Its molecular formula is C4H2O4, and it has a molar mass of 116.06 grams per mole.
Fumarate plays a significant role in energy production within living cells. It is involved in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which is a key pathway in cellular respiration. In this process, fumarate undergoes enzymatic conversion to malate, contributing to the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency of the cell.
Additionally, fumarate has been utilized in pharmaceuticals as a salt form, particularly as fumarate salts. These salts are commonly employed to enhance the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of certain drugs. Fumarate salts have been used in the medical field to deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as antihistamines, antipsychotics, and anti-malarials.
In summary, fumarate is an organic compound that plays a crucial role in cellular energy production and serves as a valuable component in various pharmaceutical formulations.
The word "fumarate" originates from Latin. It is derived from the Latin term "fumus", which means "smoke". The suffix "-ate" is often used in chemistry to represent the salt or ester of an acid. Fumarate specifically refers to the salt or ester of fumaric acid, a compound found in various plants and fungi.
