Fulica is a genus of aquatic birds belonging to the family Rallidae, commonly known as coots. They are medium-sized, water-dwelling birds characterized by their stout bodies, relatively short wings, and lobed toes. With a global distribution, species of Fulica are found in various aquatic habitats, such as freshwater lakes, ponds, and marshes.
These birds exhibit several distinguishing features. They possess a black plumage, a distinctive white frontal shield on their foreheads, and bright red eyes. Additionally, Fulica species have a slightly flattened appearance due to their compressed bodies. They have strong legs and large feet equipped with lobed toes, which aid in swimming and walking on floating vegetation.
Fulica species are omnivorous, consuming a wide range of food, including aquatic plants, algae, insects, mollusks, and small fish. They are skilled divers, capable of submerging themselves for prolonged periods to catch prey or evade predators. During the breeding season, they build nests in dense vegetation near water bodies, and their clutch typically consists of 5-12 eggs.
Although generally known for their adaptability and ability to thrive in various habitats, Fulica species face threats such as habitat degradation, pollution, and hunting. Yet, due to their wide distribution and adaptable nature, many species within the genus remain relatively abundant. Studying them provides insights into the dynamics of wetland ecosystems and their conservation.
