Frumentum is a Latin term derived from the word "frumentarius," which means "pertaining to grain" or "of or related to wheat." Frumentum, as used in ancient Rome, typically refers to cereal crops, primarily wheat, but can also encompass other grains such as barley or oats. In Roman society, frumentum played a crucial role as a staple food source, serving as the main ingredient for making bread, a dietary necessity for both the urban and rural populations.
Beyond its culinary significance, frumentum held economic and political importance in ancient Rome. It was an essential commodity for trade and commerce, serving as a valuable asset for acquiring wealth and power. The availability and price of frumentum could significantly impact the economy and social stability of the empire.
Politically, the distribution and subsidization of frumentum were used as tools for maintaining social order and appeasing the Roman populace. The government would often provide frumentum as a form of welfare, ensuring that citizens had access to affordable grain and preventing uprisings or civil unrest caused by food shortages. The distribution of frumentum was a responsibility entrusted to various officials, such as the aediles, who oversaw the bread supply of the city of Rome.
In summary, frumentum is a Latin term that broadly refers to grain crops, most commonly wheat, which held essential significance in ancient Roman society as a staple food source, economic asset, and political tool.
