FOCAL SEIZURE DISORDERS Meaning and
Definition
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Focal seizure disorders, also known as partial seizures, are a type of seizure disorder that occur in a specific region of the brain. These seizures are characterized by abnormal electrical activity in a localized area, causing temporary disruptions in brain function. Focal seizures can happen in individuals of all ages, ranging from children to adults.
There are two main types of focal seizures: focal onset aware seizures and focal onset impaired awareness seizures. Focal onset aware seizures do not result in loss of consciousness and the person experiencing the seizure is fully aware of what is happening. They may feel various sensations such as tingling, nausea, or intense emotions. On the other hand, focal onset impaired awareness seizures lead to a loss of consciousness or altered awareness. The person may display automatisms, which are repetitive, involuntary movements like lip smacking or fidgeting.
Focal seizures can be further classified into simple partial seizures, in which the person remains conscious during the seizure and experiences localized symptoms, and complex partial seizures, where loss of consciousness or impaired awareness occurs.
Epilepsy is often associated with focal seizure disorders, as recurring or prolonged focal seizures are one of the key features of epilepsy. Treatment for focal seizure disorders typically involves the use of antiepileptic medications, which help control or prevent the occurrence of seizures. In some cases, surgical intervention may be considered to remove the specific area of the brain responsible for the seizures.
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