Focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis (FSGN) is a medical term used to describe a specific type of kidney disorder characterized by scarring and inflammation of the glomeruli. The glomeruli are tiny structures in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood, forming urine.
FSGN is considered a focal condition because it affects only certain glomeruli within the kidneys, rather than all of them. The term "sclerosing" refers to the scarring or fibrosis that occurs in the affected glomeruli, leading to impaired kidney function.
This condition can occur as a primary or secondary disease. Primary FSGN refers to cases where the cause is unknown, while secondary FSGN is associated with underlying conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, HIV infection, or exposure to certain medications or toxins.
Symptoms of FSGN may include blood in the urine, proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine), high blood pressure, and decreased kidney function. However, some individuals with FSGN may remain asymptomatic and are only diagnosed through routine blood and urine tests.
Treatment for FSGN aims to manage symptoms, slow down the progression of the disease, and prevent complications. This may involve medications to control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria, as well as lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise. In severe cases, where kidney function is significantly compromised, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.
Overall, focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis is a kidney disorder characterized by scarring and inflammation of specific glomeruli, leading to impaired kidney function and various symptoms.
