Fistula colli congenita is a medical condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal connection or passage between the throat or esophagus and the skin on the neck. The term "fistula" refers to an abnormal tract or channel that connects two body regions or organs. "Colli" refers to the neck region, and "congenita" indicates that the condition is present at birth.
This rare congenital anomaly is typically caused by an incomplete separation of the embryonic tissues that form the throat and neck during fetal development. As a result, a fistula forms, allowing food, saliva, or other substances to pass between the esophagus and the neck skin. This connection can lead to various health issues, including recurrent infections, aspiration pneumonia, difficulty swallowing, and failure to thrive in infants.
Diagnosis of fistula colli congenita usually occurs shortly after birth when signs and symptoms, such as food regurgitation, drooling, coughing, or respiratory distress, become apparent. A thorough physical examination, along with imaging tests like X-rays, fluoroscopy, or contrast swallow studies, are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for fistula colli congenita typically involves surgical intervention to close the abnormal connection. The specific surgical procedure may vary depending on the location and complexity of the fistula. With prompt diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, most infants with fistula colli congenita can experience a good prognosis and live healthy lives. However, long-term follow-up may be necessary to monitor for potential complications or recurrence of the fistula.
