Fistula cihalis, also known as cihalic fistula, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal passageway or communication between the great arteries of the heart and the superior vena cava. Specifically, it refers to a vascular anomaly where there is an abnormal connection between the brachiocephalic artery (also called the cihalic artery) and the right atrium or superior vena cava.
This condition typically arises as a result of a congenital heart defect, although it can also develop as a complication of certain medical procedures, such as cardiac catheterization or surgery. In individuals with fistula cihalis, blood that is normally carried by the brachiocephalic artery bypasses the normal circulatory route and directly enters the right atrium or superior vena cava. This abnormal blood flow can lead to volume overload within the heart chambers and can potentially affect the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.
Symptoms of fistula cihalis may vary depending on the size and location of the abnormal connection. Common signs and symptoms may include heart murmurs, difficulty breathing, exercise intolerance, cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin), and signs of heart failure. Diagnosis of fistula cihalis is often made through various imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Treatment options for fistula cihalis depend on the severity of symptoms and the potential impact on heart function. In some cases, no intervention may be necessary, while in others, surgical closure of the abnormal communication may be required to redirect blood flow and restore normal cardiac function. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a cardiologist are important to assess the progression of the condition and to ensure appropriate management.
