Extravascular lung water is a medical term that refers to the accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue, specifically the alveoli and interstitial spaces, outside of the blood vessels. It is a measure of the excess fluid present in the lungs, which should normally be kept to a minimum for optimal respiratory function.
The lungs are vital organs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing. They are composed of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, surrounded by a network of blood vessels. In certain medical conditions, such as heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or pulmonary edema, the delicate balance of fluid in the lungs can be disrupted.
Excessive fluid accumulation, known as extravascular lung water, can impair the ability of the alveoli to properly exchange gases. This can lead to breathing difficulties, decreased oxygen supply to the body's organs, and other complications. It is often measured using specialized techniques, such as thermodilution or impedance cardiography.
Monitoring extravascular lung water is important in the management of critically ill patients, particularly those with cardiac or respiratory conditions. Physicians use this measurement to assess the severity of pulmonary edema, guide treatment decisions, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapies aimed at reducing lung fluid.
By closely managing extravascular lung water levels, healthcare providers can help optimize lung function, improve respiratory status, and enhance patient outcomes.
