Extravasation refers to the process by which a substance, such as blood, fluids, or medication, escapes or leaks out of the intended blood vessel or container and infiltrates into surrounding tissues or spaces. It commonly occurs as a result of a breach, injury, or rupture in a blood vessel, leading to the unintended flow of blood into the surrounding tissues. Examples of substances that can extravasate include chemotherapy drugs, contrast agents used in medical imaging, and blood products.
When extravasation occurs, it can result in local swelling, pain, inflammation, and potential damage to the surrounding tissues. The severity of extravasation can vary depending on the volume and nature of the substance involved, as well as the location and size of the affected blood vessel. In some cases, extravasation may lead to more serious complications such as tissue necrosis, scarring, or impaired function in the affected area.
In medical contexts, healthcare professionals often employ strategies to prevent extravasation, such as ensuring proper administration techniques and monitoring for signs of leakage during treatments. When extravasation does occur, immediate action is typically taken to minimize further damage, which may involve discontinuing the infusion or administering specific antidotes, conducting local cooling, applying pressure, or utilizing other appropriate measures.
Overall, extravasation is an unintended escape of substances from their intended location, typically resulting in their infiltration into surrounding tissues or spaces, which may lead to various degrees of local damage and complications.
