European Tick-Borne Encephalitides (ETBE) refers to a group of viral diseases that are predominantly transmitted by bites from infected ticks in Europe. Tick-borne encephalitides (TBE) are caused by a type of virus known as flavivirus, and within the European region, variations of this virus exist, leading to different strains of the disease. The main strains of ETBE include the Central European, Eastern European, and Far Eastern subtypes.
The characteristic symptom of ETBE is inflammation of the brain, known as encephalitis. This can lead to a range of neurological symptoms including fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, stiffness, and mental confusion. In severe cases, ETBE can progress to more serious complications such as meningitis or encephalomyelitis. Some individuals may experience long-term neurological problems, such as cognitive impairment or paralysis, as a result of the infection.
Ticks are the primary vectors for ETBE, with infected rodents and small mammals serving as reservoir hosts. Humans can contract the disease through tick bites, predominantly during outdoor activities in wooded or grassy areas where ticks are commonly found. Vaccination against ETBE is available, especially in areas where the disease is endemic or during periods of high tick activity.
Prevention measures include avoiding tick-infested areas, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and conducting regular tick checks after potential exposure. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of ETBE are essential to reduce the risk of complications and long-term neurological damage.
