European Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease primarily transmitted to humans through tick bites. It is caused by the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV), which belongs to the Flaviviridae family.
TBE is prevalent in different regions of Europe, including Scandinavia, Central Europe, and Russia. The infection cycle involves ticks, typically the Ixodes ricinus or Ixodes persulcatus species, acting as vectors for the virus. Ticks become infected by feeding on infected animals, usually small mammals like rodents or birds. Humans can contract the disease when bitten by an infected tick.
The initial symptoms of European Tick-Borne Encephalitis may include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, and sometimes gastrointestinal issues. In some cases, these symptoms resolve within a week, but in others, the virus can invade the central nervous system, leading to more severe complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Neurological symptoms can include neck stiffness, confusion, paralysis, and even coma.
Prevention of TBE primarily involves avoiding tick bites, especially when venturing into wooded or grassy areas where the insects are common. Tick repellents, appropriate clothing, and prompt removal of ticks are key prevention methods. In regions where TBE is prevalent, vaccination is also available to provide immunity.
European Tick-Borne Encephalitis requires medical attention, as severe cases may have long-term consequences. Treatment mainly focuses on supportive care, relieving symptoms, and managing complications. Research into antiviral medications is ongoing, but currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for the disease.
Overall, European Tick-Borne Encephalitis is a potentially serious
