Epidemic Parotitis Virus, also known as mumps virus, is a highly contagious viral pathogen that primarily affects the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and is classified under the Rubulavirus genus.
Epidemic Parotitis Virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets from an infected individual, typically through coughing, sneezing, or close personal contact. The virus begins its invasion by replicating in the upper respiratory tract, which may lead to symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. However, the hallmark symptom of this viral infection is the swelling and inflammation of the parotid glands, resulting in tender, swollen cheeks or jaw areas. This characteristic inflammation gives the disease its common name, mumps.
The incubation period for Epidemic Parotitis Virus ranges from 12 to 25 days, during which the infected individual may not manifest any symptoms. The virus can be easily transmitted during this pre-symptomatic phase, making it challenging to control and contain outbreaks within communities.
While most cases of mumps are mild and self-limiting, complications such as orchitis (inflammation of testicles), meningitis, encephalitis, deafness, and pancreatitis can occur, particularly in adult males. Vaccination against Epidemic Parotitis Virus is an effective preventive measure and is usually administered as part of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of mumps cases are important to prevent further spread, reduce complications, and ensure optimal patient care.
