Epidemic Parotitis Viruses, also known as mumps, refer to a group of enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the genus Rubulavirus, within the Paramyxoviridae family. These viruses are the causative agents of mumps, a highly contagious infectious illness that primarily affects the salivary glands.
Epidemic Parotitis Viruses are characterized by their ability to primarily target and infect the parotid glands, which are major salivary glands located on either side of the face, just below and in front of the ears. Upon infection, these viruses lead to inflammation and swelling of the parotid glands, resulting in the classic symptom of swollen cheeks or jawline.
Transmission of Epidemic Parotitis Viruses occurs through respiratory droplets from infected individuals. The viruses enter the body through the respiratory tract and then spread to the salivary glands, replicating and causing the characteristic swelling and inflammation. The incubation period for the viruses is typically 16-18 days, during which individuals may be asymptomatic but still capable of spreading the infection.
Symptoms of mumps caused by Epidemic Parotitis Viruses may include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite, and pain or tenderness in the parotid glands. In some cases, complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis (inflammation of the testicles), or oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries) may arise, especially in adolescents and adults.
Prevention of Epidemic Parotitis Viruses primarily relies on vaccination with the MMR vaccine, which provides immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella. Good personal hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and covering the mouth and
