Epidemic parotitides, also known as epidemic parotitis or mumps, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, specifically the parotid glands in the face. This condition is caused by the mumps virus, which is a member of the paramyxovirus family.
An epidemic parotitides outbreak typically occurs in crowded environments, such as schools, colleges, and other communal settings, where the infection can easily spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract, infecting the local lymph nodes before spreading to the salivary glands.
Symptoms of epidemic parotitides often include swelling and tenderness of the parotid glands, which are located on the sides of the face near the jawline. This swelling can give the person a "hamster-like" appearance. Other common symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and a loss of appetite. In rare cases, complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, or orchitis (swelling of the testicles in males) may occur, particularly in post-pubertal males.
Prevention of epidemic parotitides primarily involves vaccination, as the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is highly effective in preventing the infection. Treatment for epidemic parotitides generally focuses on symptom management, including rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers to reduce discomfort.
Overall, epidemic parotitides is a viral infection that spreads easily through respiratory droplets and primarily affects the parotid glands. It can cause significant swelling and discomfort, but can be prevented through vaccination and managed through supportive care.
