Enteric fevers, pronounced /ɛnˈtɛrɪk ˈfiːvərz/, are a group of infectious diseases characterized by a high fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. The word "enteric" comes from the Greek word "enteron" which means intestines. The spelling of this word is a combination of the Latin word "entericus" and the Greek word "phoinos" which means fever. The correct pronunciation of this word is important due to the severity of the illness it denotes. Enteric fevers include typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever and can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Enteric fevers are a group of infectious diseases characterized by high fever and inflammation primarily affecting the intestines. Also known as typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, these illnesses are caused by different strains of the bacteria Salmonella, specifically Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A, B, and C. Enteric fevers are most commonly contracted by consuming contaminated food or water or through close contact with an infected individual.
The key symptoms of enteric fevers include a sustained and persistent high fever, along with headaches, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, fatigue, loss of appetite, and a general feeling of malaise. In severe cases, complications such as intestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, or the spread of infection to other organs can occur. Enteric fevers are diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, blood, stool, and urine tests, as well as bacterial culture and serological tests.
Treatment for enteric fevers typically involves the use of antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, or azithromycin. Adequate hydration, rest, and a balanced diet are also essential for recovery. Prevention of enteric fevers involves practicing good hygiene, including regular handwashing, consuming clean and properly cooked food, and avoiding the consumption of untreated water from potentially contaminated sources. Vaccination against typhoid fever is available and recommended for individuals who are at high risk of exposure or traveling to areas where enteric fevers are endemic.
The word "enteric" is derived from the Greek word "enteron", meaning "intestine". "Fevers" refers to the symptom of elevated body temperature. Therefore, "enteric fevers" is a term used to describe a group of infectious diseases primarily affecting the intestines, characterized by symptoms such as fever and gastrointestinal disturbance.