Endonexin II, also known as Annexin A2, is a protein that belongs to the annexin family. It is encoded by the ANXA2 gene and is found in various tissues and cell types. Endonexin II plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling.
Functionally, Endonexin II acts as a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein. It binds to negatively charged phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylserine, which leads to the modulation of membrane properties and participation in vesicle trafficking. It is associated with actin filaments and plays a role in actin cytoskeleton remodeling during cell migration and endocytosis.
Furthermore, Endonexin II serves as a bridge between membranes and the cytoskeleton through its interaction with proteins such as p11 and S100A10. This interaction regulates the organization and dynamics of the cytoskeleton, which is important for cell motility and membrane trafficking.
Endonexin II has been linked to numerous physiological and pathological processes. It is involved in cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. Dysregulation of Endonexin II expression or function has been associated with various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
In summary, Endonexin II is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that participates in membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling. Its interactions with other proteins and phospholipids modulate cellular processes important for cell migration, adhesion, and vesicle transport.
