Enchondromas are benign bone tumors that originate from cartilage and primarily affect the medullary cavity of long bones. These tumors consist of abnormal cartilage cells that grow within the bone marrow, disrupting the normal bone structure. Enchondromas are most commonly found in the hands and feet, particularly in the bones of fingers and toes, but they can also occur in other skeletal regions.
Enchondromas typically develop during childhood or adolescence and often do not cause noticeable symptoms. They are usually discovered incidentally on X-rays taken for other purposes. These tumors are usually small in size but can vary, and the number of enchondromas can range from single to multiple lesions.
While most enchondromas are asymptomatic, larger tumors or those located near joints may cause pain or restrict joint movement. Rarely, aggressive enchondromas can be associated with fractures, deformities, or malignant transformation into chondrosarcomas, a more serious form of cartilage cancer.
Diagnosis of enchondromas includes imaging techniques such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans. Biopsy may be required in cases where malignant transformation is suspected.
Treatment options for enchondromas depend on various factors including the size, location, and symptoms of the tumor. In most cases, observation and regular monitoring with periodic imaging are sufficient. Surgery may be considered for larger, symptomatic, or aggressive enchondromas, with techniques such as curettage, bone grafting, or tumor excision being employed.
Overall, enchondromas are generally benign bone tumors that commonly occur in the hands and feet, arising from abnormal growth of cartilage cells within the bone marrow.
