A dolmen is an ancient megalithic structure characterized by its stone construction consisting of several large, upright stones supporting a flat horizontal capstone or slab. Typically found in areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa, dolmens are believed to date back to the Neolithic or early Bronze Age. The term "dolmen" derives from the Breton language, wherein "dol" means "stone" and "men" means "table."
These architectural marvels often exhibit a trapezoidal or rectangular appearance, with the supports formed by either standing stones or vertical slabs called orthostats. The capstone, serving as the roof, is placed on top of these supports, creating a covered chamber or burial site. Sometimes, dolmens are accompanied by an earth mound, which may have served as a protective barrier or burial mound.
The purposes of dolmens remain uncertain, with many scholars speculating that they were primarily used as burial sites for high-ranking individuals or as ceremonial locations, given their prevalence in funerary contexts. Additionally, their construction suggests advanced stone-working knowledge and impressive engineering skills for the time period.
Throughout history, dolmens have captured the imaginations of archaeologists, anthropologists, and the general public, evoking a sense of mystery and awe. While their exact meanings and functions may elude us, dolmens continue to stand as testament to the skills, beliefs, and customs of ancient civilizations.
