Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease (CID) is a rare viral infection that primarily affects infants and individuals with weakened immune systems. It is caused by the cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpesvirus family.
CID is characterized by the presence of large swollen cells, called cytomegalic cells, which contain distinct viral inclusions. These cytomegalic cells can be found in various organs and tissues, including the liver, spleen, lungs, and brain.
Symptoms of CID vary depending on the affected organ but commonly include fever, jaundice, rash, enlarged liver and spleen, respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and neurological abnormalities. These manifestations may result in severe complications, such as hearing loss, intellectual disability, visual impairment, and even death.
CID can be transmitted from an infected mother to her unborn child during pregnancy, through sexual contact, blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and breastfeeding. The virus can also be shed in bodily fluids, including urine, saliva, and semen, making it highly contagious.
Diagnosis of CID involves laboratory testing to detect the presence of CMV DNA or antibodies in the blood or other bodily fluids. Treatment options for CID are limited, as there is no specific antiviral therapy available. However, supportive care can be provided to manage the symptoms and complications associated with the disease.
Prevention of CID primarily involves practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Vaccines are being researched to prevent CMV infection, particularly in high-risk populations, such as pregnant women and transplant recipients.
