CROSS POLLINATION Meaning and
Definition
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Cross pollination is a natural process that occurs in plants and refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (male reproductive organ) of one flower to the stigma (female reproductive organ) of another flower. This transfer of pollen can happen within the same plant, between two different plants of the same species, or even between plants of different species. The primary purpose of cross pollination is the fertilization and subsequent production of seeds, ensuring the sexual reproduction and genetic diversity of plants.
Cross pollination is often facilitated by various external agents, including wind, water, insects, birds, or other animals. These agents inadvertently carry the pollen grains from one flower to another, enabling the transfer of genetic material between different individuals. As a result of cross pollination, offspring with varied genetic traits are produced, enhancing the adaptability and survival prospects of the species.
Cross pollination plays a pivotal role in agriculture, as it is necessary for the cultivation of many crops. Farmers often rely on the movement of bees or other pollinating agents to ensure successful cross pollination and maximize crop yields. However, cross pollination can also occur naturally in the wild, contributing to the biodiversity and ecological balance of various ecosystems.
Overall, cross pollination is a fundamental process in the reproduction and evolution of plants, promoting genetic diversity, enhancing the adaptation of species, and facilitating the production of seeds necessary for future generations.
Etymology of CROSS POLLINATION
The term "cross pollination" can be broken down into two parts: "cross" and "pollination".
The word "cross" is derived from the Old Norse word "kross", which means "cross" or "crossing". It entered the English language in the 14th century.
The term "pollination" comes from the Latin word "pollen", which means "fine flour" or "dust". The Latin word "pollen" was used to describe the powdery substance produced by the male reproductive organs of flowers. "Pollination" itself refers to the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ (stamen) to the female reproductive organ (pistil) of a flower, leading to fertilization and the production of seeds.
Therefore, "cross pollination" refers to the process of transferring pollen between two different plants, either within the same species or between different species.
