The phrase "cross purposes" refers to two or more people having opposing goals or intentions. The spelling of this phrase can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as /krɒs ˈpɜːpəsɪz/. The "cr" sound at the beginning represents the consonant cluster and is followed by the short "o" sound /ɒ/ and the "s" sound /s/. The stressed syllable is "pur" /pɜː/ with the schwa sound /ə/ at the end, followed by the plural suffix "-es" /ɪz/.
Cross purposes refers to a situation where two or more individuals or groups have different goals or intentions, causing conflict or confusion due to their conflicting objectives. It is an idiom used to describe a state of miscommunication or a lack of coordination that occurs when the parties involved are unknowingly working against each other's aims. When people are at cross purposes, their actions or efforts inadvertently hinder or obstruct each other rather than contribute to a common objective.
This term is commonly used to describe situations in which there is a misunderstanding or clash of interests due to a lack of effective communication or collaboration. It often occurs when individuals or groups have different perspectives, motivations, or priorities and fail to recognize or acknowledge the divergent nature of their goals or actions. As a result, they unintentionally work against each other, leading to confusion, frustration, or an inability to achieve the desired outcome.
The phrase has its roots in a metaphorical sense, drawing on the visual imagery of two people traveling on separate paths that cross each other but end up going in opposite directions. This definition highlights the notion of unintentional opposition or conflict arising from divergent objectives, emphasizing the need for clarity and alignment to avoid such misunderstandings.
The phrase "cross purposes" originated from a combination of two separate idioms: "cross" and "purposes", each with their own etymology.
1. "Cross" comes from the Old English word "cros", which is derived from the Latin "crux". It originally referred to a wooden structure in the shape of a cross on which criminals were executed. Over time, the term expanded to encompass the Christian symbol of crucifixion. In a figurative sense, "cross" refers to a conflicting or opposing direction or purpose.
2. "Purposes" is derived from the Latin word "propositum", which means a plan, aim, or intention. It entered English through Old French and Middle English, evolving to its present form as "purpose". In this context, it refers to a particular objective, motive, or goal.