The word "craven" is spelled with a "c" and "r" at the beginning, followed by a vowel sound represented by "a." This sound is pronounced as /eɪ/ in IPA transcription. The "v" in the middle represents a voiced fricative sound /v/, while the "e" at the end represents a schwa sound /ə/. Together, the phonetic transcription for this word is /ˈkreɪvən/. The word "craven" can be used as an adjective to describe someone who is lacking courage or as a noun to refer to a cowardly person.
Craven is an adjective that describes someone who is lacking in courage or is excessively fearful and timid. It is derived from the Old English word "cræft," meaning strength or power. A craven individual is often characterized by their tendency to avoid or shy away from dangerous or challenging situations due to their overwhelming fear or timidity.
A craven person may commonly display a lack of initiative or willingness to take risks. They may find themselves constantly seeking refuge in the face of adversity and may hesitate or back down from confronting difficulties or confrontations. Their fear may hinder their ability to act or make decisions independently.
The term "craven" also applies to the quality of cowardice. It emphasizes a sense of weakness, indicating a person's unwillingness to face their fears or stand up for what they believe in.
In literature, craven characters are often depicted as being easily swayed or manipulated, lacking the strength of character to face challenges or persevere in the face of danger. They are often portrayed in contrast to brave and courageous heroes, highlighting their inherent weakness and moral failings.
Overall, "craven" describes an individual who lacks the necessary bravery and courage to confront their fears and difficulties. It signifies a person's propensity to avoid challenging situations due to their overwhelming fear and timidity.
• Cowardly.
• A recreant; one cowardly base.
• Weak-hearted; spiritless; cowardly base.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "craven" is thought to have originated from the Old English word "cræga", which means "to fall, fail, or yield". It later evolved into "cravant" in Middle English and finally became "craven" as we know it today. Its connotation of cowardice or timidity developed over time, particularly in the 16th century.