Corpus luteum maintenance refers to the process by which a specialized structure called the corpus luteum is sustained and preserved in the ovary after ovulation. The corpus luteum is a temporary glandular structure that forms from the remnants of the follicle that released the egg during ovulation.
Once the egg is released, the empty follicle undergoes structural and biochemical changes, transforming into the corpus luteum. This transformation is mainly driven by the hormone luteinizing hormone (LH) released from the pituitary gland. The corpus luteum plays a crucial role in the regulation of the female reproductive system, particularly in the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.
Corpus luteum maintenance involves the continuous production of hormones, primarily progesterone, which is essential for the preparation of the uterus for embryo implantation, maintenance of the endometrium to support a potential pregnancy, and prevention of further ovulation during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
If no pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum gradually regresses and diminishes in size, resulting in reduced production of progesterone. This decline in progesterone triggers the shedding of the endometrium, leading to menstruation and the start of a new menstrual cycle.
Ensuring proper corpus luteum maintenance is crucial for successful reproduction and fertility. Disruptions or abnormalities in corpus luteum function can contribute to infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, or difficulties in maintaining a pregnancy.
