Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) refers to a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which are responsible for supplying blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscle. It is the most common type of heart disease and is a leading cause of heart-related deaths worldwide.
Coronary Heart Disease typically develops over time due to a progressive hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis. This occurs when fatty deposits called plaques build up in the arteries, obstructing the blood flow to the heart. The reduced blood supply leads to inadequate oxygen and nutrients reaching the heart muscle, causing symptoms like chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and fatigue. In severe cases, a complete blockage of a coronary artery can result in a heart attack.
Several risk factors contribute to the development of Coronary Heart Disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, family history, and aging. Lifestyle modifications, such as a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, quitting smoking, and managing stress, are essential for preventing and managing the disease.
Treatment options for Coronary Heart Disease include medications to control blood pressure and cholesterol levels, alleviate symptoms, and reduce the risk of complications. Additionally, procedures such as coronary angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart. Prompt diagnosis, ongoing medical care, and lifestyle changes play a crucial role in effectively managing Coronary Heart Disease and reducing the risk of future heart-related complications.
