Coronary disease, also known as coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease, is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. The coronary arteries are responsible for providing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, enabling it to function properly.
The development of coronary disease is often attributed to atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits, known as plaques, build up along the inner walls of the coronary arteries. Over time, these plaques can harden, narrow the arteries, and restrict blood flow to the heart. This reduced blood supply may result in a lack of oxygen and nutrients, leading to chest pain or discomfort, known as angina.
If the blood flow through a coronary artery becomes completely blocked by a blood clot or plaque rupture, a heart attack may occur, causing permanent damage to the heart muscle. Symptoms of a heart attack can include severe chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and lightheadedness.
Risk factors for coronary disease include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, diabetes, family history of the condition, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Prevention and management strategies for coronary disease often involve lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and medication to control blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
In severe cases, coronary disease may require medical interventions such as angioplasty (using a balloon catheter to widen a blocked artery) or bypass surgery (redirecting blood flow around a blocked artery). Regular medical check-ups and early detection of coronary disease are crucial for effective treatment and prevention of complications.
