Corneal stromal dystrophy, also referred to as stromal corneal dystrophy, is a group of inherited eye disorders characterized by the deposition and accumulation of abnormal substances within the corneal stroma, which is the middle layer of the cornea. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped structure that covers the front of the eye.
This condition typically affects both eyes and often manifests during childhood or adolescence, although onset may vary. Corneal stromal dystrophy is categorized into different subtypes based on the specific substance that is deposited within the stroma.
The abnormal substances can cause various changes in the cornea, including cloudiness or haze, thinning of the corneal stroma, or the formation of irregular, branching patterns known as dendrites. These alterations may result in visual impairment, such as blurry or distorted vision, sensitivity to light, or the appearance of halos around lights.
Corneal stromal dystrophy is primarily caused by gene mutations inherited from one or both parents. Although it is a rare condition, the exact prevalence is unknown. Additionally, there is currently no cure for corneal stromal dystrophy, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preserving vision.
Depending on the severity and specific subtype of the disorder, treatment options may include the use of corrective lenses, such as glasses or contact lenses, to improve visual acuity. In more advanced cases, corneal transplantation may be necessary to replace the affected cornea with a healthy donor cornea.
