The Common European Earwig, scientifically known as Forficula auricularia, is a small insect belonging to the order Dermaptera, commonly found throughout Europe. This species is recognized for its distinctive flattened and elongated body, typically measuring 10 to 14 millimeters in length. The name "earwig" stems from an earlier false belief that these insects could crawl inside human ears, although they rarely pose any threat to humans.
Common European Earwigs possess notable characteristics such as straight forcep-like cerci at the rear of their abdomen, which both males and females have. These pincers are utilized for various functions, including defending against predators, capturing prey, and courtship rituals. They also have forewings that fold beneath short, leathery hindwings, though their flight capabilities are limited.
These earwigs are nocturnal creatures, seeking shelter during daylight hours in crevices, under stones, or within vegetation. They are omnivorous, feeding on a wide range of organic matter such as dead insects, decaying plants, and fungi. Additionally, they can occasionally cause minor damage to crops and garden plants, primarily fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
During breeding, females lay eggs in underground burrows or crevices, with the female often caring for and defending her offspring until they are ready to venture out independently. The nymphs, after hatching, undergo several molting stages before reaching their adult form.
Despite their somewhat unappealing appearance, Common European Earwigs play a significant ecological role in natural ecosystems by aiding in decomposition, controlling pest populations, and serving as a source of food for other organisms.
