Common European Ash, scientifically known as Fraxinus excelsior, is a deciduous tree native to various parts of Europe, including Britain, Scandinavia, and western Asia. It is a member of the Oleaceae family and can reach heights of up to 40 meters. The tree's bark is smooth and grayish-brown when young, gradually becoming rough and fissured as it ages.
The leaves of the Common European Ash are compound and pinnate, consisting of 5-11 leaflets that are elliptical in shape with serrated margins. These leaflets have a glossy dark green upper surface and a paler underside, turning a vibrant yellow before falling in autumn.
The tree produces clusters of small, inconspicuous greenish flowers in spring before the leaves emerge. These flowers are dioecious, meaning male and female flowers are found on separate trees. The female flowers give rise to clusters of winged seeds known as samaras, which are dispersed by wind.
Common European Ash is known for its extensive root system and adaptability to various soil types, from fertile loamy soils to dry, sandy ones. It thrives in full sun or partial shade and can tolerate occasional flooding.
Traditionally, this tree has had numerous practical uses. The timber of Common European Ash is highly valued for its strength and flexibility, making it suitable for furniture, flooring, and even tool handles. Additionally, its leaves and seeds have been used in traditional medicine for their diuretic and diaphoretic properties.
Unfortunately, the Common European Ash has been significantly affected by ash dieback, a fungal disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. This disease has led to the loss of many trees across its native range, threatening both its ecological role and cultural
