The common birch, scientifically known as Betula pendula, is a deciduous medium-sized tree belonging to the Betulaceae family. It is native to Europe and parts of Asia and is widely recognized for its slender trunk, papery white bark, and drooping branches. This tree typically grows to an average height of 15 to 25 meters, with its crown forming an inverted cone shape.
The common birch is characterized by its bright green, triangular-shaped leaves, which appear in abundance during spring and summer. The leaves have serrated edges and often turn a vibrant yellow color in autumn before shedding. The tree produces long, cylindrical male and female catkins, which hang down and release wind-dispersed seeds.
The bark of the common birch is one of its most distinctive features. In younger trees, the bark is smooth and reddish-brown, gradually becoming pure white and peeling into thin, papery layers as the tree matures. This unique characteristic makes it an attractive ornamental tree.
The common birch thrives in a wide range of soil types, from sandy to clayey, and prefers areas with moist, well-drained conditions. It is commonly found in woodlands, mixed forests, and open landscapes. Due to its adaptability, it has also been introduced in various countries outside its natural range.
The common birch has multiple uses, both practical and decorative. Its wood is valued for its durability and is often employed in construction, furniture making, and the production of various tools. Additionally, its ornamental qualities make it a favored choice for landscaping and garden planting, enhancing aesthetics with its graceful shape and stunning bark.
