The common bile duct calculi, also known as choledocholithiasis, refers to the presence of gallstones within the common bile duct (CBD). The CBD is a narrow tube that transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine for digestion.
Gallstones are formed when there is an abnormal buildup of cholesterol, bilirubin, or other substances present in the bile. These solid formations can range in size from tiny particles to larger stones. When gallstones migrate from the gallbladder into the CBD, it leads to the development of common bile duct calculi.
The presence of common bile duct calculi can obstruct the flow of bile, which may result in various symptoms and complications. These can include abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark-colored urine, pale-colored stools, nausea, and vomiting. Severe cases can give rise to infection, inflammation, and potential damage to the liver or pancreas.
The diagnosis of common bile duct calculi may involve imaging tests such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Treatment options vary depending on the size and location of the stones, as well as the presence of symptoms. They can range from conservative measures and pain management to more invasive procedures like ERCP with sphincterotomy or surgical removal of the stones.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of common bile duct calculi are crucial to prevent complications and ensure adequate bile flow for digestion.
