Combined oral contraceptives, commonly referred to as "the pill," are pharmaceutical preparations that contain a combination of synthetic hormones, typically estrogen and progestogen. They are used as a highly effective method of contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
These oral contraceptive pills are taken orally and are available in various formulations, dosages, and hormone combinations. The combination of estrogen and progestogen in these contraceptives works together to suppress ovulation, preventing the release of an egg from the ovaries. Additionally, the pill alters the cervical mucus, making it thicker and less receptive to sperm, thus hindering their movement and ability to fertilize an egg. The hormonal changes caused by the pill also lead to changes in the lining of the uterus, making it less suitable for implantation of a fertilized egg.
Combined oral contraceptives offer several advantages beyond contraception. They are known to provide numerous health benefits, like regulating menstrual cycles, reducing menstrual pain, alleviating symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, and lowering the risk of certain cancers, such as ovarian and endometrial cancers.
However, combined oral contraceptives are also associated with potential side effects and risks. Women may experience temporary side effects like breast tenderness, nausea, or breakthrough bleeding. Additionally, there are rare but serious risks, such as blood clots, stroke, and cardiovascular complications, especially in smokers and older women. It is crucial for individuals to consult a healthcare professional to determine if combined oral contraceptives are appropriate for their personal health and lifestyle.
