The combined oral contraceptive pill, also known as the combination pill or simply the pill, is a type of contraceptive medication specifically designed for women. It consists of two synthetic hormones, estrogen and progestin, that are taken orally in the form of a pill. This combination of hormones works to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovaries, thereby preventing fertilization by sperm.
The estrogen component in the pill mainly functions to regulate the menstrual cycle, preventing the development of mature eggs. It also aids in thinning the lining of the uterus and thickening the cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg. On the other hand, the progestin component primarily works to further inhibit ovulation and create an unfavorable environment for sperm penetration and implantation.
The combined oral contraceptive pill is administered daily for a specific period, usually in a 21-day or 28-day cycle, depending on the formula prescribed by a healthcare professional. It is a highly effective form of birth control when used correctly, with a failure rate of less than 1% when taken as directed.
Apart from its contraceptive benefits, the combined oral contraceptive pill also offers other health advantages. For instance, it can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual pain and heavy bleeding, decrease the risk of ovarian cysts and certain cancers, and improve acne and other hormone-related conditions.
It is important to note that the combined oral contraceptive pill does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, it is recommended to use additional forms of barrier contraception, such as condoms, to diminish the risk of STI transmission alongside the pill.
