Coeliac sprue, also known as celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by a permanent intolerance to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. It is primarily an inflammatory condition that affects the small intestine, causing damage to the lining or villi, which are responsible for absorbing nutrients from food.
Individuals with coeliac sprue experience an immune response triggered by the ingestion of gluten. This response leads to inflammation and damage to the intestinal villi, impairing their ability to absorb essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Symptoms of coeliac sprue can vary widely and may include gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss. However, some individuals may present with less noticeable or atypical symptoms, making the diagnosis challenging.
A proper diagnosis typically involves several steps, including blood tests to identify certain antibodies associated with coeliac sprue. Confirmation is then obtained through an endoscopic biopsy, where small tissue samples are taken from the small intestine and examined for characteristic damage to the villi.
The primary treatment for coeliac sprue is a lifelong adherence to a strict gluten-free diet, which involves avoiding all sources of gluten. This diet allows the small intestine to heal and prevents further damage, effectively managing symptoms and reducing the risk of complications like malnutrition, osteoporosis, and other autoimmune disorders.
Overall, coeliac sprue is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management through dietary modifications to maintain optimum health and well-being.
