Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This condition primarily affects the small intestine, resulting in various gastrointestinal symptoms and impaired nutrient absorption.
Individuals with coeliac disease experience damage to the lining of their small intestine when gluten is ingested, triggering an immune response that attacks the small intestine, causing inflammation. The damage to the lining of the small intestine hampers the body's ability to properly absorb essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
Symptoms of coeliac disease can vary widely and may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, and nutritional deficiencies. The severity of symptoms can also range from mild to severe. It is crucial to note that coeliac disease is a lifelong condition with no known cure, but adherence to a gluten-free diet can effectively manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Diagnosis of coeliac disease typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of specific antibodies, followed by a small intestine biopsy to confirm the presence of damage. Treatment primarily revolves around dietary modifications, with the complete elimination of gluten from the diet being the mainstay of therapy. A gluten-free diet requires meticulous attention to food labels, as gluten can be present in unexpected sources, such as sauces and condiments.
Overall, coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, leading to small intestine damage and impaired nutrient absorption. It is essential for individuals with the condition to maintain a lifelong gluten-free diet to manage symptoms and promote overall health.
