Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is a slow-growing form of leukemia characterized by the overproduction of abnormal or immature white blood cells known as lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes gradually accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, and other parts of the body, interfering with the normal functioning of the immune system.
CLL is classified as a type of leukemia called chronic leukemia, meaning it progresses slowly and may not present noticeable symptoms for a long time. It primarily affects older adults, typically occurring after the age of 50. The exact cause of CLL is unknown, but certain risk factors such as family history, exposure to certain chemicals or agents, and certain genetic abnormalities have been identified.
Symptoms of CLL can vary but often include fatigue, enlarged lymph nodes, recurrent infections, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, and easy bruising or bleeding. Diagnosis is usually made through blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing to confirm the presence of abnormal lymphocytes.
Treatment options for CLL depend on the stage and severity of the disease, as well as the overall health of the patient. They may include watchful waiting, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, or stem cell transplantation. The goal of treatment is to control the disease, manage symptoms, and slow its progression. With advancements in treatment, many people with CLL can live for years, as it is a chronic condition that can be managed and controlled.
